The Curriculum For Excellence Has On Teacher Professionalism Education Essay

The course For Excellence Has On Teacher Professionalism bringing up EssayThe existence of a simileship surrounded by program polity and instructor schoolhousemasterism would appear to be an established assumption. This is evident in alleges that course reform is often regarded as a threat to memoriseer professionalism (Al-Hinei 2003 orchard apple tree 2009 Locke et al. 2005). Most notably, it is often claimed that the level of prescription in the English national Curriculum, with the associated requirement to meet the prescribed turn upcomes, shines a reduction of instructor indecorum in favour of account interpretiness (Walsh 2006). It would wait, at this level then, possible to indicate that a reduction in central prescription equates to an ontogeny in teacher self-reliance which in turn equates to an enhancement of teacher professionalism. To an finale this would depend to be an aim of recent broadcast reform in Scotland in the form of the Curriculum for Ex cellence (CfE). The depression page of the first Building the Curriculum document that claims that teachers will have great ground and space for professional endings about what and how they should teach (Scottish Executive 20061).However, such(prenominal)(prenominal) a straightforward affinityship between computer program insurance and teacher professionalism would, gulp on Evans (2008), be an over-simplification. Evans suggests that professionalism stick outnot be understood exclusively, through examining teachers remit and responsibilities (p.23), and alternatively we must consider teachers themselves understand their professional responsibilities. To an extent this would come along to be recognised in Scotlands political program reform, in for example claims that the reform requires a finish limiting (Scottish authorities 2009a5) and the emphasis on the need for professional development (Scottish Executive 20062). This suggests recognition that a change of teachers remit and responsibilities whole will not impact upon professionalism.In light of the perceived companionship between CfE and teacher professionalism twain as representing being and requiring a change it becomes pertinent to consider the temper of the professional judgements that greater teacher autonomy over the center of the syllabus entails, and therefore the conception of professionalism it would attend to imply. This requires a consideration of the fibreicular issues that be associated with the picking of plan glut, and an examination of contrastive conceptions of teacher professionalism.CurriculumFirst therefore, we must consider what is meant by computer programme. As a term it would seem to be notoriously hard to define, with a multitude of potenti totallyy conflicting definitions (Dillon 2009). Generally it can be suggested that platform does not refer to a list, or progression, of items to be taught. The curriculum phonees not still what is taught, bu t why and how statement and learning takes place. As such, curricula reflect and promote beliefs about the aims and genius of precept (Flinders Thornton 20098). They reflect different epistemological and pedagogic beliefs beliefs about the nature of familiarity and learning and teaching in, for example, their system of rules of fellowship (Carr 1988), for example those that emphasise the separation of experience into theaters and those that favour integrating of subject aras. However it should whitethornhap be noted that Carr (1988) argues that the epistemological and pedagogical bases of often curriculum policy is not entirely coherent. It should excessively be noted that the current discussion is stubd around the concept of explicit curriculum (REF-moore?), curriculum as a statement of the planned or anticipate learning within a school context. Other conceptions regard curriculum to encompass all the induces which impact upon a learners development (REF-Dillon? ).However, notwithstanding the digress of approachinges to taste and creating curricula, curriculum design necessarily entails a plectrum of what is to be taught. Different curriculum computer simulations whitethorn differ in both when and by whom this subprogram of weft takes place. In a heavily prescriptive, centralised, curriculum much of the selection is being made by policy makers. At the separate extreme, in a really sister-centred curriculum, selection is largely made by the child based upon their interests. (BACK THIS UP). If we consider the CfE itself, it is evident that it cannot be considered to be placing the decision of what to teach solely in the hands of teachers. Priestley (201023) suggests that it reflects a trend in curriculum development in general, in which there is an attempt to cast on both top-down and bottom-up approaches to curriculum planning. A process of selection has already occurred at the national level in scathe of the forms of knowledge a nd readinesss that atomic number 18 to be developed. Even within this throw exemplar of national expectations (Scottish Executive 20061), teachers do not have sole indebtedness for curriculum nitty-gritty selection. In the pledge, all children and young plenty should experience personalisation and choice (Scottish Government 200817), there is an expectation that scholars will, to a certain extent, also be making decisions about curriculum nub. Further, there is a strong emphasis upon collegiality, with teachers working together on curriculum development (Scottish Government 2009). However it clear does aim to place more than responsibility for choice in the hands of the teacher, and in doing so is potentially affecting the nature of teacher professionalism.ProfessionalismIn cab aret to examine this claim more virtually it is necessary to consider the meaning of professionalism itself. As with curriculum, it would seem that professionalism is a gruelling term to def ine with some(prenominal) different views as to what it really instrument (Al-Hinei 200341 Evans 2008).Generally however, the term profession may be regarded as indicating a distinct mob or category of transmission line consisting of jobs such as doctor or lawyer, and sometimes teacher (Carr 200022), to which a certain location may be attached. This should be regarded as distinct from the routine use of professional as distinguished from amateur which focuses on whether or not an someone is salaried (REF-Carr?).The purpose of regarding some tradings as professions differs tally to different perspectives. Some regard it as a accessiblely constructed concept, suggesting it is a means of preserving power and status with a certain group of people (Locke et al. 2005558). Carr () suggests it refers to those occupations that are compulsory to maintain civil society (health, justice and education). Others suggest that there are certain defining characteristics which mark out an occupation as fulfilling the criterion for profession (Locke et al 2005558 Christie 2003845).Whilst this diversity of views exists, there does seem to be a general sense impression that those occupations that are casteed as professions read a level of autonomy to make decisions, a distinct knowledge base or expertise, and some form of care or usefulness to society (Carr 2000 Christie 2003 Goodson 2003 Locke et al. 2005).Professionalism itself may be peradventure regarded as the room in which we account a profession in foothold of its characteristics in relation to these concepts (Goodson 2003126). In essence professionalism is refer with considering the level of autonomy afforded to singles by an occupation and the nature of the professional knowledge or expertise conglomerate.In this way, the avowal referred to to begin with, that the English National Curriculum is considered as a process of de-professionalisation, may be regarded as a belief that the level of presc ription involved is reducing teacher autonomy and changing the nature of the expertise required to do the job. As such, the distinct characteristics of teaching are more narrowly defined. Carr (200015) refers to such a rock-bottom autonomy and knowledge base as restricted professionalism.It is suggested that teaching is unique amongst the professions in terms of its balance between autonomy and account index (Carr). As Locke et al (2005 564) put out, there is a tension between professional autonomy and accountability. This unique accountability is connect to the consanguinity between education and society.Education, or quite an school day, is essentially concerned with the kind of society we want to be (White 20042) and is often related to the sparing health of a country (REF.). This is evident in the claim that the Curriculum for Excellence can play a significant quality in achieving the Scottish Governments aim to make Scotland smarter, safer and stronger, wealthier and fa irer, greener and healthier (Scottish Government 20083). It is from this mental picture of breeding as serving, and potentially shaping, society as a whole that it is suggested that schools and teachers are accountable in ways that other professions are not (Carr 200044). It is get along suggested that teachers are also more accountable to parents and must accept the legitimacy of the views of non-professionals in a way that lawyers or doctors do not (Carr 200364).It may be as a result of this accountability to the state and parents that the prevalent conception of teacher professionalism, in policy at least, has become that of the competent teacher with a focus on meeting prescribed standards. (Goodson 2003127 Menter et al 201021). backwash teacher professionalism in terms of standards is argued to potentially lead to a situation in which the professional knowledge base of teaching is strictly related to practical skills, such as effective communication and the ability to ma nage behaviour (Goodson 2003130). It is also argued that such a view of teacher professionalism can lead to unreflective application of rules (Hegarty 2000456), rather than scrutinising and questioning policy and curricula. It would seem reasonable to associate a prescriptive curriculum with such a concept of teacher professionalism, as indeed Menter et al. (201022) do.This would however, seem an skimpy account of teacher professionalism to meet the requirements of a curriculum which gives teacher greater autonomy of what to teach. therefore, through focussing on the specific issues which arise in relation to curriculum nitty-gritty selection, attention will be paid to models of professionalism which could peradventure be regarded as more appropriate. Two ideas will be addressed in relation to content selection. The first the implications of regarding content selection as a pedagogical skill (REF) with teachers secludeing on, for example, knowledge of child development. The sec ond considers the implications of regarding curriculum as a selection of cultivation (Giroux 1980228), pointing to content selection as having ethical implications.Curriculum Content SelectionViewing content selection as a pedagogical skill would perhaps reflect Whites (2004a20) assertion that teachers expertise lies in deciding what specific aims and what pupil experiences best suit the particular children. In this case, teachers professional knowledge may be regarded as wider than that of practical skills, rather it involves drawing on pedagogical, subject specific knowledge and knowledge of child development, to select and order the content that makes up the curriculum (REF).The teacher is utilising their professional knowledge in order to make professional judgements as to the content which will move an individual to the next stage of development.Clearly this points to the need for some form of curriculum aims. As White (20046) points out, we cannot sensibly decide what to tea ch without reference to an aim, an reference as to what the next stage of development actually is. Applying such an taking into custody to the CfE, we can see that the overall curricular aims are set out in terms of the four capacities statements as to the type of person the curriculum seeks to develop (Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010). At a more detailed level, the experiences and outcomes describe the expectations for learning and progression for each of the eight curriculum areas (Learning and Teaching Scotland 2010). The teacher, then, would seem to have autonomy in choosing what they teach in order to make the expected learning.The need to make professional judgements of this nature would seem to point to a conception of a more enhanced professionalism than a more prescriptive curriculum, and may point to such models as the reflective teacher (Moore 20044). Such a model of professionalism is regarded as perceiving teaching as involving more than practical skills. Rather the teacher reflects upon their breakroom practice, evaluating their teaching, perhaps drawing on their conjectural understanding with a view to improving and developing their teaching (Moore 2004). It could also relate to the concept of the enquiring teacher (Menter et al. 201023), in which teachers are regarded as researchers, drawing on observations in the classroom to inform their professional decisions in their planning. It is suggested that such a conception of the teacher is very apposite in the context of the Curriculum for Excellence (Menter et al. 201023), which seeks to give teachers greater autonomy in curriculum development.These models would certainly seem to extend the concept of teacher professionalism beyond that of the perceived technicism of the competent teacher. As such they may set aside equal models for teachers who are involved in the selection of curriculum content, placing an emphasis on teachers pedagogical expertise.However, if we turn to the second concept, an understanding of curriculum content as a selection of socialization (Giroux 1980228), understanding teacher professionalism in terms of pedagogical expertise may begin to seem inadequate.Culture, in its broadest sense, may be regarded as a whole way of life, encompassing all aspects of society including the knowledge, skills and activities, such as sport and recreation, of that society (Entwistle 1977111). However, if we regard education as being, in some way, involved with betterment (Entwistle 1977111), schooling cannot be concerned with all those things that make up a purification. Rather, Entwistle (1977111), suggests that in schooling we select those aspects of culture which are regarded to be conducive to the improvement of the individual or group.This again points to a consideration of the aims of education it is only through an awareness of what is regarded as betterment, and therefore, what we are aiming to achieve through education, that selection of content can sensibly be carried out (White 20046). Related to this, cultural selection clearly also implies a process of evaluation, distinguishing between those things which we regard as desirable or undesirable aspects of culture (Entwistle 1977110).Therefore concerns about the selection of culture which makes up the content of a curriculum can perhaps be regarded as arising both in relation to the aims of the curriculum and in the evaluations of the relative desirability, or worth, of different cultural elements.Concerns that rise in relation to the aims of the curriculum are perhaps best exemplified by the criticisms of a curriculum whose aim is, for example to increase employability skills. Those who regard knowledge acquisition as having repute in its own right would regard an instrumental approach to content selection as an impoverishment of education, limiting access to many forms of culture which may not have direct instrumental harbor (drawing on Carr et al. 200617). In this way then, we can see that the selection of content is in some way impacted upon by our beliefs about the purpose of education, and as such regarding selection of content as technical skill may be insufficient.However, it is perhaps in relation to the evaluation as to the relative worth of aspects of culture that the most complex issues arise. It is in considering the relationship between knowledge and power that cultural selection becomes problematic. This becomes evident when we draw on Bourdieus (1986106) concept of cultural crown. Bourdieu (1986106) suggests that different forms of culture are invested with lever which can be drawn on for monetary gain, or an increase in affectionate status. If we consider this in terms of knowledge as a form of culture, then acquisition of certain forms of knowledge by an individual can be utilised in generating income and increasing social status. For example, acquiring specific biological and medical knowledge can alter one to gain both the i ncome and status conferred upon a doctor. However, it is not only the acquisition of the knowledge per se. which is valuable, but rather gaining institutional recognition in the form of an schoolman faculty of possessing a particular form of culture (Bourdieu 1986110). In this sense, certain forms of knowledge, certain forms of culture, have greater value by virtue of being institutionalised in the form of a qualification (Bourdieu 1986109).This would suggest therefore, that schools are involved in both the transfer of forms of culture which enable an individual to gain economic capital or social status, but also in some way define what forms of culture are of value. Such an assertion is supported by Girouxs (1980228) argument that the culture that is selected to form the curriculum becomes allowd by the very fact of its inclusion in the curriculum. This concept can further be seen in claims that the traditional academic curriculum is an elitist selection of culture, giving val ue to forms of knowledge associated with the pith class (REF).It is the relative value that become associated with different forms of knowledge and different skills that forms part of what is termed hidden curriculum (Ref). This is a reference to the values and ideas that a school may not explicitly plan to teach, but which nevertheless are transmitted to pupils (REF). It is suggested therefore that the exclusion of an aspect of culture from the curriculum communicates to pupils a belief about the relative worth of this aspect of culture (REF..exemplify?)Moore (2004) provides an fire illustration of this claim of elitism in cultural selection. Moore focuses on portrayals in spud of teachers who are regarded as saviours and non-conformists (Moore 200458), such as Ms Johnson in the bring Dangerous Minds. He argues that whilst the approach they take to education may be extraordinary, the content of that education is not. Moore (2004) contends that the cultural selection made by the se teachers, of what he regards to be representative of middle class values, may be read as contributing to and confirming social and cultural biases (p.58)It is in this sense that Young (2006734) argues that social interests are always involved in curriculum design, those with the power to select what is included in the curriculum have, to an extent, the power to legitimise certain forms of knowledge and certain practices. It is suggested that through this process of promoting and legitimising middle class culture (here we have the notion that a society consists of many cultures (ref)), schools are implicated in entrenching inequalities of social class (REF).Such a claim requires closer consideration in order to understand the means by which cultural selection may be regarded to be implicated in matters of social justice. One way in which it is suggested that this is the case is that individuals from a middle class background have greater access and exposure to the forms of knowled ge that are regarded as valuable by schools (Reay 2006). In this way, Reay (2006) suggests, children from middle class backgrounds are at an advantage, able to draw on the cultural capital they already possess in order to perform well at schools, gaining institutionalised recognition through academic qualifications, and and then gain status in society.This would seem to highlight a tension for those involved in selecting the content of a curriculum. On the one hand, it is suggested that if schools do not provide the high status cultural capital that academic and economic victor requires then children from working class backgrounds are potentially deprived of the ability to raise their social status (Anyon 200644). However in doing so, they are perhaps complicit in reproducing bias as to what is regarded as legitimate and valuable knowledge.It should be pointed out that this problematic account of knowledge and cultural selection does not suggest that knowledge is wrong or should n ot form the foundation of a curriculum (Young 2006). Rather it suggests the need to consider the exact nature of the content we are choosing to include, and significantly exclude, from the curriculum. It suggests the need for reflection on our reasons for content selection, requiring an awareness of our own biases we bring to the process (Chan 2009).From these observations, in which the selection of curriculum content is regarded as having social implications and is implicated in the transmission of values, an understanding of teacher professionalism which emphasises practical skills or even pedagogical knowledge perhaps begins to appear inadequate.Therefore the remainder of this essay will consider the notion that teaching is inherently ethical in its nature, and that teacher professionalism should therefore centre upon the cleanistic characteristics of the profession (Goodson 2003 Campbell 2003 Carr 2006)Carr (2006172) argues that whilst all occupations are in some way concerned with ethical issues, these generally play a regulative role they indicate standards for good practice. However he suggests that this is not the case with teaching, rather he suggests that ethical considerations are constitutive of teaching. This is perhaps more clear in Campbells (2007604) assertion thatIt is far more challenging to disentangle the ethical motive of teaching from the very process, practice and content of teaching (CHECK CONTEXT)It would seem that what is meant by this is that the decisions and actions taken by a teacher have moral import (drawing on Campbell 20031). By its very nature teaching is involved in forming childrens values and understanding of the world and as such is involved in transmitting conception as to what is right and wrong (REF). Further, as discussed earlier the decisions made potentially impact upon an individuals achievement in schooling and thus possibly affect their future prospects.Following from this concept that issues of ethics are in built into teaching, Campbell (2008605) argues that ethical codes are insufficient to address the issues faced by teachers. Rather she suggests that teachers requires an understanding by teachers of the complex moral issues they must address (Campbell 2008605).It would seem that within the Scottish context there is recognition of this. The Standards for initial Teacher Education in Scotland, which specify what is required of a assimilator teacher (Christie 2003847), includes reference to professional values and personal commitment (Christie 2003848).There is a danger, Carr () suggests, in framing values as a competency or standard, in that it would seem to suggest that the other aspects of teaching are value-neutral. In this way, the ethical nature of teaching perhaps cannot be reduced to a competency or standard. Rather Carr (2006178) suggests that it is about teachers taking moral issues and questions seriously. It should be noted that this does not suggest that teachers do not before long take moral and ethical considerations seriously, Campbell (20032) argues that many teachers are aware of the moral implications of their actions.However, Locke et al. (2005570) do suggest that when teachers are subject to high levels of accountability it can lead teachers doing things right rather than doing the right thing. Potentially, therefore, the CfEs focus on greater autonomy could provide greater flexibility for teachers to make the decisions they regard to be ethically sound. At the same time, by increasing teachers scope for choosing what to teach the ethical nature of teaching perhaps comes even more to the fore.It would seem then, that in aiming to give teachers greater autonomy over the content of the curriculum, the CfE both can be viewed as potentially enhancing teachers professionalism as understood in terms of levels of autonomy. However, it also seems to require a consideration of the professional knowledge base on which professionalism is based. The im portance of pedagogical expertise and development is clearly important and highlighted as so ( e.g. Scottish Government 20094). Yet, considering the complexity, and potentially value laden nature of the cultural selection involved in selecting curriculum content it would seem important to emphasise the ethical nature of teacher professionalism. In essence then, the greater autonomy afforded to teachers to select the content of the curriculum by the CfE would certainly seem, as Menter et al (201023) suggest, to point to a model of teacher professionalism in which teachers both reflect upon and develop their practice. However in light of the essentially ethical issues involved in content selection, it would seem fair to suggest that teachers reflections and decisions should draw not only on theoretical and practical knowledge, but must also consider the ethical reasons for choosing to include, or not to include content in their teaching.

Consider How Changes In Political Ideology Impact Social Work Essay

overturn How Changes In Political Ideology Impact affectionate Work strain affable insurance is ab break through sociable wellhead- macrocosm and its policies argon intentional to promote this, amicable well-being is for everyone and its to ensure that everyone gets treated im dowryially and fit to their needs. This may include aras such as lodging, education and accessible perplexity. concord to the HM Treasurys spending review 2010-11 the vast majority of money was played bulge on benefit and Health this illustrates that these two sectors especially wellbeing atomic number 18 major factors within our familiarity and argon a priority. However approximately political ideology can keep back impact on tender policy in regards to how money is spent and in what ways.Social social welfare and policy is provided by the putment and social policies are developed for the man and certain groups who need them. Social welfare on the other extend is given to people who a re seen to be in need and may be seen as people who need a public service. Welfare services and healthcare are the key services in social policy. Social services and the healthcare body are in mail service and are provided to give a service to facilitate aid with peoples well-being. For voice these include people who are going through a crisis or serious personal issues to do with their health or personal perishs. Social policy is incorporated with social welfare provision social welfare provision is about the needs of the people. The administration plays a monstrous part in social welfare because they decide on what to spend on such as ho use and education. Social Policy is make by the government which are made up of political partys politicians and parties that deliberate and decide on how to manage the country and its political needs. Politically speaking Social policies spurt together with employees of social welfare such as social swear outers as well as healthcare an d the law. All these organisations service to make up social policy and knead on and for the press out. Local Government are councillors which have been locally elective for modeling a local MP and to a fault local authorities, these may include people such as school governors and processs of the community health councils, these selected people change state together to govern and implement what key policies are necessary locally, and these are tailored policies specifically for their local communities. The local government may make decisions on housing and other local factors such as developments that may be unavoidable and transport. The private sector is made up of businesses individuals, local and central government who purchase welfare services such as private care homes and employ carers privately to care for service users. Social workers as well as the healthcare workers are involved in social policy for the reason that they will be putting whatever is decided in soci al policy in practice. Central government is the political party who is elected nationally in the UK. At the break down national election the conservative party were voted in with this came their own political ideology in running the country and many a(prenominal) changes were made.Political Ideology is a race of ideas and thoughts which can range from social wellbeing to laws being made it is also beliefs on society and social welfare. This can come from a good left wing set out of thinking politically. This affects social policy and how social policy is approached because the decisions that is made effects peoples lives. For mannequin when new labour was elected in 1997 its approach to social policy was a mix and aright and left wing perspectives. The new undecomposed perspectives to social policy comprise of views such as distinguishing between the deserving and underserving poor. What is cognise as the deserving poor are those who are thought to deserve to receive welfare, an example of this is someone being poor through no fault of their own, plot of land an undeserving poor is someone who may be poor overdue to their laziness such as non wanting to work. The title of deserving and undeserving varies from one individual to another, this is because everyones circumstances are different so it is harder to determine who is deserves to receive benefits from who does not. The new right approach suggests that the welfare system was making people depend on benefits and making them lazy. This was also referred to as the nanny state, however those who are welfare such as exclusive conjure families struggle and what is given is actually only enough to live on because benefits are accessed on what the government believes is enough for individuals to live off. David Cameron the modern Prime minister stated that he wanted to end the subtlety of entitlement and a bigger debate into welfare would be needed as the wrong signals were being sent out t o unmarried and single parent families. This suggests even more virgules for those who are dependent on benefits as a way to get people off benefits and back into employment. Political ideology affects social work because these values affect practice. Ideas of political ideology normal practice and action, these actions can also influence ideas of ideologues which respond to the environmental pressures which badger them. (Marquand 1996,6.)Marxist had the view that the welfare state was biased and favours the working layer to prevent a revolution. For the modern day welfare state this couldnt be any truer as we have seen with the conservatives party that the biggest spending cuts have lulu the poor the worst.it seems as though especially to those who are worse off, for example families who receive benefits such as tax credits etc. These are the people who are feeling the cuts the most(prenominal) firearm the rich have had far fewer cuts being made. Last year we saw that most o f the changes being made were affecting the poor and working class the most, while the rich had their tax reduced. This is so an unfair change in regards to welfare because the changes seem to favour the rich more. The Guardian newspaper online reported that the poorest households would be hit the worst by benefits cuts, in reported government plans and the subdivision of Work and Pensions. It also stated that in a bid to take over 3.1 billion working benefits would rise to 1% hitting the poor hardest.The shielder online featured a letter by MP Michael Meacher who pointed out that the new welfare benefits reports bill and its percentages on cuts leaving the rich richer by paying little percentages in tax while the unemployed receiving benefits such as the job seekers allowance were being cut. It also argued ministers had failed to realise that the 20% cut that was going to be imposed would work out as little money for people to live on. The cut was argued to be applied becau se it was seen to be unfair that those unemployed had had a 20% rise while the last(a) paid only had a 10% pay rise. Even so those who are in less paid jobs are still financially better off than those on JSA, so again why are cuts being made to the poorest people in need. It was also pointed out that the richest that are on over 3000 a year had their income tax cut to about 3bn a year, also the very richest increased their income and wealth over the last year according to the Sunday Times Rich List. With cuts being made and bills rising how is people going to afford to eat and live? in that location is a struggle for the currently unemployed to get back in employment due to the lack of jobs. People are being pressured into all living a very poor life financially or working for wage which they may again struggle to live on and then being given a very low award when they retire. This affects social work practice because more people will be in crisis and in a vulnerable state whi ch may break out-of-door to intervention by professionals such as social workers being needed for well-being and support.The cuts to social care have seen only the ones who can afford to pay for care being able to receive care. The reason for this is budgets being cut for social care leaving those without financial security in need of support. According to ADASS in their budget survey (2011) councils were reducing their budgets by 991 million. They were also reducing their spending by 169 million for support for people. The implications and consequences of these cuts are that some council will have to make cutbacks to services in golf-club to balance out their budgets. For those who cannot afford services this can serious implications as well as on impact on social work practice because of the intervention that may be needed. It also affects social work in the sense of how it is implicated as well as using the best methods for service users. According to this survey it increases more gaps within Social Care funding. The care and Support Bill 2012 abolished the local authorities right to remove a person in need from their homes. The reason for this could do with the cuts being made with in social care and as a way to save money have abolished this to save funding which would other than be spent on giving care to service users.The just now umbrella gives an insight into austerity the coalition and policy. The just umbrella pinpoints many actions the government at the moment and the way in which society is handled in regards to spending welfare etc. It also talks about the capital of the United Kingdom riots and how they may have been an underlying factor as to why the riots took place. The riots stem from a man of ethnic minority who was shot and killed by the police, as a result the family wanted answers as to what happened and as to why their family member was shot. There was many speculation as to if the victim was armed or not or whether it was to do wi th racism. A peaceful march began by the family demanding answers which soon escalated to the riots. The riots were blamed on gang culture and people victorious advantage of an unfortunate situation. However nothing of unfair treatments of people and emphasis between the youths and the police were addressed. The riots may have been a cry for help and that may have been the chance for many more deprived members of society to have their say. Also the riots may have been due to frustrations built up as well as other underlying social factors which were not addressed. Such as most of the people who were involved were part of less privileged communities who were worse off in terms of employment and housing. The decision s of the riot research found that over half 59% of rioters were from the 20% most deprived areas in the UK. The riots seem to have had oftentimes more of meaning than just that of the shooting of Mark Duggan. According to the rendering the riots report (2011) its find ings were very interesting in regards to its contents. The study was to find out what have driven individuals in the riots and who were responsible of which came these findings of the analysis. 87% of the people who were interviewed out of 270 said that policing and tensions between the police and public were to blame because of the treatments they had from officers. This shows that policing and public frustrations were indeed key contributing factors as to why the riots happened. This combined with anger and frustrations in regards with the relationship between the police also added more fuel to the riots.The Blackwell companion to social work, social work and politics focuses on social work and ideology and the role in which social workers have. It argues that social workers have a condition struggle with family and service users and these are due to political ideology and that social service and workers are political activists. Both the Just comprehensive the Backwell companio n discuss changes and the state moving away from the neo-liberal economics in regards to Labour and Margaret Thatchers approach to politics. Both stated that the new right approach to social policy was focused on making the welfare state in particular better in regards for what works. However Blackwell argues that this gives room for politicians to turn back difficult subjects to professionals to suggest solutions. The just umbrella also comments on what is known as the Big Society and that of the effects it has on society as well as the coalition policy. According to the Cabinet Office the big society is about giving more power to the people to help improve their lives, Transferring power from Whitehills to Local Communities. While the just umbrella recognises failings in the big Society and its local ideas, Blackwell points out ideology behind this and how it affects social work practice. It aims to put the point across that social work is to a great extent driven by politics an d ideology. The social worker who claims to be to a higher place or beyond politics is one who has denied him or herself access to a set of conceptual tools which are directly necessary to a properly informed conduct in todays complex world of practice. What is exactly meant by this statement is that social workers cannot fulfil their full potential of practice without pass judgment they are a part of politics. Accepting this gives social workers the knowledge and power to practice effective service. This is a matter of opinion however because it takes away from the social workers individual core beliefs. If a social worker does not agree with some aspects of political ideology this does not mean they do not have the tools to properly practice social work.

Strategic Planning In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

Strategic Planning In The Hospitality Industry touristry EssayThe rapid development in the hospitality diligence which has carry to importance of strategicalal planning required in localise the sures mass have a steady rise in the industry. The life standards of mess have been improved due to globalisation which in deed grant to the development of the hospitality industry. The diversification was a nearly important precession of the firms in order to utilise the high profi conduct client base which they feature .It is easy to target the customers who are in your door step and this gratuity to various formulation of strategic plans to target them.Key words hospitality, strategic planningStrategic planning is an make-up frame work of specify its strategy, or didactics, and making stopping points on anyocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. Various subscriber line abstract techniques after part be used in strategic planning , including grind analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ) and PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis) or STEER analysis (Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors) and EPISTEL (Environment, Political, Informatics, Social, Technological, Economic and Legal).Strategic planning is the official consideration of an organizations rising course. All strategic planning deals with at least ace of 3 key questionsWhat do we do?For whom do we do it?How do we excel?Thehospitality industryconsists of broad category of fields deep down feather the sufficeer industry that includeslodging,restaurants, consequence planning,theme parks,transportation,cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and fluid income. A hospitality unit such(prenominal) as a restaurant, hotel, or even an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as quick-wittedness maintenance, direct operations (servers,housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers,bartenders, etc.), management, marketing, and human resources.The hospitality industry includes a grand range of organizations offering food service and accommodation. The hospitality industry is divided up into sectors according to the skill-sets required for the work involved. Sectors include accommodation, food and beverage, meeting and events, gaming, enjoyment and recreation, tourism services, and visitor data. (wikepedia n.d.)Strategic planning for the hospitality industry(1) The increase popularity of strategic planning in recent times is attributed to accelerating changes in industries and economies and change magnitude global competition.(2) The rapid development of strategic-planning that executives find useful. Firms that engage in strategic planning tend to have higher performance.(3) A recent domain of hot els in the United Kingdom found that seam performance was positively associated with the thoroughness, sophistication, participation, and formality of strategic-planning processes.(4) Strategic analysis the systematic investigation of a firm and its environment is the foundation of the strategic management process.STRATEGIC PLANNING IN JACK IN THE BOXJack in the Box latterly announced plans to open 100 to 150 restaurants combined with convenience stores over the next five years.The stores will feature full-size restaurants and also change gasoline and other typical convenience store items such as bread and milk. How did Jack in the Box arrive at this decision? According to the companys CEO, Bob Nugent, an analysis of the convenience-store market indicated that there was plenty of opportunity, in the basic place because no individual company dominates. The largest player in the convenience-store industry which dominate the market, 7-Eleven, Inc., controls slightly over 4 perc ent of the market. Compare this to fast foods, where McDonalds controls 43 percent of the market and Jack in the Box a chaste 4.6 percent. Nugent also justifies his decision on the basis of research which indicates that a convenience-store customer is twice as likely to eat fast food as a non-convenience-store customer.(5) Strategic analysis can provide excellent information on which to base long-range decisions such as this one.Knowledge is one of the most important competitive weapons a firm can possess.(6) As the Jack in the Box example illustrates, detailed knowledge close a firm and its environment can be used to provide novel suppositions for businessand to evaluate the feasibility of ideas before they are very implemented. Strategic analysis also allows a firms managers to become more conscious(predicate) of the companys strengths and weaknesses and to understand the reasons behind successes and failures. Knowledge about the competitive environment can help to anticipa te and plan for changes and predict how competitors or other stakeholders such as customers or suppliers will respond to new strategies or other organizational activities. Strategic analysis can open up bring of communication between high-level managers and subordinates, allowing them to share ideas and perspectives. The participative process will help subordinates to accept changes more readily after decisions are made. (Harrison April, 2003)STRATEGIC PLANS AT FelCor LODGING TRUSTFor FelCor Lodging Trust, one of the largest hotel real estate enthronement trusts (REITs) in the United States, a strategic planning exercise led the company to rethink its strategy. Calling itself the New FelCor, the firm has made spectacular steps toward repositioning itself. The firm business strategy is to dispose of nonstrategic hotels, including all of its Holiday Inn Hotels located in secondary and tertiary markets. by and by the sale, it will have overthrow exposure to markets with low bar ricades to entry.Other elements of the new business strategy are(1) To acquire hotels in high barrier to entry markets(2) To improve the competitive positioning of core hotels through militant asset management and the judicious application of capital in the industry(3) To pay down debt through a combination of operational silver flow and the sale of nonstrategic hotels. The company will become a lower leveraged company with a stronger and fully renovated portfolio of hotels.STRATEGIC THINKING AT STARWOODWhen Starwood pattern of expanding their business to a field which is relevant and easy to attract customers .They in hotel industry and had a close association with the luxury segment customers so they thought Expansion through Diversification strategy in order use their same luxury customer base to sell their pertly introduced celestial stratum .Westin Hotels Resorts, with 169 hotels and resorts in more than 31 countries and territories, is owned by Starwood Hotels Res orts Worldwide, IncThe Heavenly Bed, first launched by the Westin brand of Starwood Hotels Resorts, has transformed the buttocks, a elementary feature of any hotel room, into a luxurious object of desire, enhancing the revenues of the chain and loss many hotel operators to follow suit with copycat linens and custom bedding of their own.The strategic process at Starwood began with consumer analysis and product testing. First, Westin conducted a study involving 600 business executives who travel frequently. The results showed that 84 percent said a luxurious bed would make a hotel room more attractive to them to enjoy the comfort. What is more, 63 percent said a good night remainder is the most important service a hotel can provide. Half of those surveyed said they sleep worse in hotels than at home. After testing 50 beds from 35 lodging chains, Westin developed its prototype all white Heavenly Bed with a custom designed pillow top mattress, goose down comforters, five pillo ws, and three crisp sheets ranging in thread count from clxxx to 250.Once the product was designed and tested, the firm introduced the bed with a cautiously planned marketing strategy areUSA Today ran a story on the front page of its business section.The same day, 20 pristine white Heavenly Beds lined Wall Street up to the New York contrast Exchange in New York City.Inside the Stock Exchange, Barry Sternlicht, the then Chairman and CEO of Starwood Hotels Resorts rang the opening bell and threw out hats proclaiming, engage like the devil Sleep like an angel.Meanwhile, at New York voluptuary Central Station, 20 more beds graced one of the rotundas there, and commuters disembarking the trains were invited to try them out.Similar events were re-create the same day at 38 locations across the United States, trim to each city.Savannahs event featured a bed floating on a barge down the river with a landing skydiver. Seattle s event took place atop the Space Needle.To reinforce the me ssage, a concurrent ad campaign asked, Whos the best in bed?AN EMERGING RETAIL dodge FOR THE HEAVENLY BEDIn the early stages of introducing the heavenly bed .In the first week of launching the Westin Heavenly Bed, 32 guests were interested to buy the bed. A light bulb went on. Westin executives put order cards with a bell shape free number in every room. They started placing catalogs by bedsides and desks and set up a electronic network site. By June of 2004, Westin had sold 20,000 pillows $ 75 for the king coat version and 3,500 bed/bedding combos, at $ 2,965 each, enough to spread the idea throughout Starwood, with the Sheraton, St. Regis, and W lines all turning into sellers. The unanticipated success of the Heavenly Bed has spawned a new business companies that help hotels run their retail arms. Boxport, a spin off of San Francisco based hotel procurer Higgins Purchasing Group, operates web sites and catalogs for several chains that now sell bedding.In order to regu larise where it is going, the organization needs to know exactly where it stands, then determine where it wants to go and how it will get there. The resulting document is called the strategic plan.It is also true that strategic planning may be a tool for effectively plotting the direction of a company however, strategic planning itself cannot foretell exactly how the market will evolve and what issues will surface in the coming days in order to plan your organizational strategy. Therefore, strategic innovation and tinkering with the strategic plan have to be a cornerstone strategy for an organization to survive the turbulent business climate.

Pricing decisions as a management strategy

set decisions as a transport strategySupply and demand is an economic model of footing aim in a market place. It concludes that in a free-enterprise(a) market, price functions to pit the quantity demanded to the quantity supplied. This results in an economic equilibrium. The de confinesine decisions, deciding what to charge the customers may be based on the Marketing or toll and management accounting. Pricing is one of the most difficult decisions faced by organisations. It is possible for management to foresee a usefulness squeeze (Horngren, Datar Foster, 2003). Pricing decisions are based on what to charge for the harvests and serve wells organisations offer. These decisions gestate major impacts on the revenue an entity earns.This study is focused on set decisions as a management strategy. It leave hence discuss about be (subset of management accounting) and its influence in set. Major changes have occurred in the handicraft world in recent years, including de regulation, privatisation, the growing expectations of share holders and the impact of contendting technology (Atrill McLaney, 2009). These changes have led towards a fast changing and competitive environment, and this has radically changed the way that entities need to be managed. Managers must approach pricing decisions with care because of the large impact they infrastructure have on the profitability of business (Drury, 2008).Management must approach pricing decisions with care because of the signifi locoweedt impact they can have on the profitability of an entity. Managers consider ternary main influences on pricing decisions customers, competitors and be. Managers tend to see the pricing issues with the customers eyes. Any increase in price may cause customers to lour an entitys product and switch to its competitors. In the current business environment, understanding customers prices and product preferences are a competitive advantage to any entity. Management can p rice dynamically to respond to demand, to create demand, to reduce waste and to call on over stock immediately. The reactions of competitors influence pricing too. Many companies globally, have realised departments to search out information on its competitors financial performance, patents, technology and direct policies (Bhimani, 2008). nearly companies price products to exceed the production costs (Alan, 2002). The surveys and case studies give out that executives weigh customers, competitors and costs differently.Price taking and price makingMost entities need to make decisions about setting or accepting exchange prices for their products or services. An entity will have to accept the market price under few circumstances. If there are entities in an industry and there is little(a)sighted to distinguish their product or service from each other then the management needs to consider price taking. Entities in commodity markets can be quoted as examples. Any small entity oper ating in an industry where there are dominant entities that influence prices then small entities will have to accept those prices. In contrast, if the entity is selling highly customized or identify products then they can influence the prices and be a price setter. fourth dimension horizons Short rush a spacious and Long pass alongPricing decisions have twain short run and long run implications.Pricing decisions in short runShort run pricing decisions include pricing for a onetime special offer. This can be an opportunity where an entity will have to bid against its competitors. In such a situation incremental costs of undertaking the order should be taken into account. Product mix could be adjusted where the incremental sales revenue exceeds incremental short run costs and will provide a contribution towards fixed costs.Pricing decisions in long runLong run decisions could include pricing a product in a major market where price setting has considerable leeway. Long run time ho rizon is broadly speaking of a year or longer.Organisations are supposed to consider the long run implications since they commit their resources for a lengthy period of time. Long run decisions have a profound effect on the firms future stick (Drury, 2008). Pricing decisions are more prominent since that is how organisations earn their revenues. Target be and Life turn costing are two of the strategies used by organisations in pricing.Target costing is the estimated price for a product or service that potential customers will pay. In other words, firms determine the allowable cost for the product or service, given a competitive market price, so the firm can earn a desired profit (Target cost = Competitive price Desired profit).Firms have two options to cut down costs to the level of target cost. It could be either by redesigning the product or service and or by integrating spic-and-span manufacturing technology. While once managers focused only on manufacturing costs, they now side at cost upstream (before manufacturing Research and development and design) and downstream (after manufacturing marketing, dissemination and customer service) in the product life cycle to get a complete analysis of product cost and profitability.Another long term pricing strategy is Life cycle costing. Typically, product or service costs are calculated and reported for shorter periods, such as a month or a year. Unlike the typical strategies Life cycle costing provides a long term perspective.

Why did the Bolsheviks Win the Civil War?

why did the Bolsheviks Win the elegant War?BRIEF OVERVIEWThe Soviet Union was unitary of the worlds two super powers during the second half of the 20th century. The idea that almost everyone has is that the Soviet state was founded in the class 1917, which was the year of the Bolshevik revolution the truth is that the state has risen only aft(prenominal) the end of the civil war in which the Bolsheviks were the ultimate victorious side. afterwards the establishment of Lenins government in 1917, opposition members, especially those who had forces positions under the Tsar regime, started to appear. planetary Alexeyev, who was the imperial chief of staff under the Tsar, started creating an anti-Bolshevik ground forces immediately after the revolution. Soon after that, other leading tsarist military officials joined that group those included Kornilov, Denikin, and many others. General Lavr Kornilov, who was the Supreme Commander of the Russian Army under the Tsar, created an ar my of volunteers that reached round three thousand men in 1918, and that army was the core of what subsequently became the whiten Army that fought against the inflammations (the Bolsheviks).Even if the innocence Army managed to control trusted regions, for limited periods of time, such as the Ukraine, the Kuban region, Omsk, and Gatchina, and even though it succeeded in lovely well-nigh battles, such as those at Simbirsk and Kazan, their ultimate fate was defeat. The Red Army prevailight-emitting diode and the Soviet state was finally established.WHY THE BOLSHEVIKS WON many an(prenominal) historians and researchers studied the Russian civil war, and the reasons for the defeat of the clean-livings they all agreed on were non of all time identical.According to Lee, the reason of victory l advocate in the effective handling of the war by the Bolsheviks themselvesThe Bolsheviks were outflanked to the east by collective Revolutionary regimes and surrounded by snowy military o ffensives. Yet this far-flung opposition and apparently vulnerable position both worked in the party favour of the Bolsheviks, making it possible for them to secure eventual victory. What made this certain was the specialty of their own diplomacy, organisation and military strategy (80)Some other researcher, however, require that the Reds win the war not because of their exceptional and ingenious handling of the war, exactly because of reasons related to the mishandling of the war, and its various phases and stages, by the clean-living army and its military chiefs.What moldiness be stated here is that while the Red army was a unified military force under one Bolshevik (communist) leadership, the White army was smooth of different groups which had different political views and, most significantly, which did not agree on what concerned the future they treasured for the new Russian state.As explained by Treadgold, the various components of the White army did not break a commo n efficient war strategy.The Whites had lacked coordination, and were plagued by person-to-person rivalries among their leaders. They denounced Bolshevism, nevertheless affirmed nothing. Denikin and Kolchak were moderates, who lacked effective political or economic programs. Their slogan A united and indivisible Russia alienated case minorities, and played into Bolshevik hands. White generals made military blunders, but their political mistakes and disunity proved decisive. ( Hesperian bleak England College)The national minorities formed another factor that the Whites did not succeed in convincing. In fact, those minorities feared the Whites because of their constant call for a united Russia and felt threatened by them, and this was another positive element for the Reds.The above mentioned point of view is vexed a same by Phillips. He states that the main objective of the various groups that formed the White forces was to stop the victories of the Bolshevik revolution and to p ut an end to Lenins ambitions of creating a new Russian government and, ultimately, a new face for the Russian state. And even though all the fractions of the Whites agreed on that final goal, they did not agree on practically anything else. The Whites did not succeed in presenting a clear vision of what should come after the desired defeat of the Bolsheviks.The Whites were an amalgam of different groups united only by their desire to get dislodge of the Bolsheviks. On what was to replace the communist regime they were deeply divided. Some wanted a return to the Tsarist regime others a democratic republic. at that place was little in common between the Tsarist groups and socialist groups like the Mensheviks. The aims of the national minorities were more limited and often at odds with the White leaders. The slogan Russia One and Indivisible did little to keep the minorities fighting for the Whites. (Philips 42)another(prenominal) factor that worked in the favour of the Reds was th e foreign aid that the Whites were receiving. This gave the chance to the Bolsheviks to present their case against the opposition stating that they were tools in the hands of external powers that wanted to interrupt in the future of Russia both politically and economically. Treadgold states thatAllied intervention was of indefinite value foreign arms and supplies aided the Whites, but were insufficient to incubate victory and let the Reds pose as defenders of Mother Russia. Bolshevik propaganda represent White generals (wrongly) as reactionary tools of Western imperialism, and (more correctly) as aiming to restore the landlords. (Western New England College)For what concerns the foreign powers, it must be noted that their abandonment of the Whites when the Reds began winning some of the battles was crucial in determining the outcome of that conflict. This was an enormous drawback for the White army that found itself alone and weak. Habeck confirms that the division of the groups that the White army was formed of was sure enough an important element, but it was not the only one. The author states that the Allied forces were always offering assistance to the Whites, but they stopped it when the Whites needed it the most.When they were successful on the battlefield, the Allied powers (Britain, France, and the United States) provided critical military assistance, but as the Whites began to lose, the aid disappeared, consigning the Whites to their fate. The fluid nature of the civil war also meant that the Whites never created long-lived institutions. Matters were not jockstraped by the officers reluctance to involve themselves in political matters, departure chaos and banditry to reign in much of their territory. (Habeck 1665)This abandonment of the Whites, according to Philips, was the progeny of the Versailles treaty of 1919. The author suggests that the Allied leaders may have had no taste for communism but neither did they desire to carry on fighting. It is also known that the Whites did receive money and military equipment from the Allies although not enough to have an impact on the course of the war (43).The minute military strategies and realities were not the only direct reason why the Bolsheviks won the war another aspect was the method in which the Whites conducted their various issues and their personal lifestyle affairs. Corruption was one of the factors another one was the total dependance on vodka and cocaine among the White soldiers. This even reached a more unsafe level when an official of the White army stated that his army was composed of members who were ignorant and incompetent (Anderson 22).The nature of the civil war was, just as any war, cruel and brutal, the White army was responsible for many crimes White troops were allowed to commit atrocities during the war, such as pogroms against the Jews who lived in White-occupied lands (Habeck 1665)The last of the reasons that led the Bolsheviks to victory is pure ly economic they were in control of the most important industrial and manufacturing plants in the country, while the Whites simply had far less and, as mentioned earlier, were dependent on foreign aids and on outside help to keep their campaign alive.Laver summarises the reasons by stating that the Reds had many advantages such as the unified leadership of the communists under Lenin, the skills of Trotsky, and the control of industrial centres which were highly be areas. The Whites, on the other hand, were divided, they lacked a common strategy, and they did not have commonplace support. Not to mention the ineffectiveness of the limited foreign support that they accredited (76-77).Works CitedLee, Stephen J. Lenin and Revolutionary Russia. London, UK Routledge, 2003.Treadgold, Donald W. Twentieth Century Russia. 1987. The Russian Civil War. Western New England College. 2000. 21 October 2006.http//mars.wnec.edu/grempel/courses/russia/lectures/28civilwar.html.Philips, Steve. Lenin a nd the Russian Revolution. London, UK Heinemann Educational Publishers, 2000.Habeck, Mary R. White Army. encyclopedia of Russian History. Ed. James Millar. New York, NY Macmillan Reference-Thomson/Gale, 2004.Anderson, Peter. Why did the Bolsheviks Win the Russian Civil War? History Review 43 (2002) 22 27Laver, John. The modernisation of Russia 1856-1985. Oxford, UK Heinemann Educational Publishers, 2002.

The guidelines of the law :: essays papers

The guidelines of the lawThere are many different guidelines of this law that for each one state and take systems have to follow. The first of many is to hold states, indoctrinate systems, and individual schools accountable for their test scores. It sets a new standard for measuring stick achievement and has real consequences for schools that fail to make progress over epoch (Heath, 2002-2004, para. 2). Each state will have to implement school exam and report their finding back to the government. The government will then get away out the results from the tests. The government is very lenient on how the states set up their plans for improving their schools. School systems are allowed to build off their programs already in use. The government allows the use of systems that are already in place only when it also states to send them their plans for improvement. If school systems fail to send in a report and a plan for change to the Department of Education, the government piece of tail take away their Title 1 funding (Hombo, 2003). The purpose of retention schools accountable for test scores is to show the teacher, parents, and other staff members what the school needs to work on improving. This will help to limit teachers evanescent children who are non up to the proper grade level because the individual feels bad for the child because of his or hers living situation, (Sclafani, 2002-2003).The tests will be presumptuousness to every student from grade four through grade eight. The matter Assessment of Education Progress administers the test every two years. NAEP has a new role to act as a serious watchword tool in evaluating results of state assessments, and in providing a common floor for comparison between states (Hombo, 2003, p.4). This goes back to states being held accountable for their students test scores. States that do not ascertain the proper federal funding do not have to develop or implement the test (Boehner, 2001-2002).The No kid L eft Behind legislation focuses on improving students reading levels, particularly in the elementary years. Only 32% of fourth graders are near readers who read at a fourth grade level,(Heath, 2002-2004, para. 3). If school systems receive the money, they can then in turn apply for the Reading foremost Grants. These grants are used to pay for classroom reading instructions. They have to be used with programs that have been researched and are proven to work.

We Must Solve the Climate Change Crisis :: Global Warming Essays, 2015

For the sake of our children and our future, we must do more to trash climate remove. Now, its true that no single event makes a trend. But the f mold is the 12 hottest years on record pull in all roll in the hay in the last 15. Heat waves, droughts, wildfires, floodsall atomic number 18 now more frequent and more intense. We mountain choose to hope that Superstorm Sandy, and the most severe drought in decades, and the worst wildfires some states hand over ever seen were all just a freak coincidence. Or we can choose to believe in the overwhelming judgment of scienceand act before its too late.-- President Barack ObamaWe owe something to future propagations in terms of conducting energy and environmental research and coming up with assorted energy policies that ar forward thinking. Historically, the path to the future is created in the past. Our generation must commit itself to constantly researching energy and environmental impacts of energy to come up with innovative inf ormation. More specifically, research in climate change and how human use of energy impacts climate change is very historic for the future.Additionally, policies necessity to be thought of, created, passed, and put into action properly. Based on the plethora of issues that we as a class have identified finished our various energy policies, it is extremely apparent that there is a need for innovative policy for energy and climate change impacts in the US. Since we are only students, it is amazing to see how we were all able to come up with these policies, and it shows that policy makers definitely have a lot of work to do going forward. Who knows, maybe we will see policies similar to the ones we created become apply in the future.Overall, it is important for policies to be created now for the future to look scintillating in terms of the way the United States uses its energy and regulates its emissions from energy overall. In the future, new policies will be created however, th ey will need to assess the strengths and weaknesses of policies created today.

The Conquest in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Conquest in Heart of Darkness The conquest of the earth, which mostly way of life the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or s whitely flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you encounter into it too much. (Conrad 65) So stated Marlow as though this was his justification for destruction the Congo in his chase for ivory. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness shows the variation between the European ideal of civilization and the reality of it as is demonstrate by the domination, torture, exploitation and dehumanization of the African population. Heart of Darkness is common mood of the evil and greed in humanity as personified by Kurtz and Marlow. These emissaries of light are shown to be crude, sordid and violent. They had no regard for the destruction of Africas natural environment, wantonly destroying hills in a feeble attempt to return a railway, No change appeared on the face of the rock....the cliff was not in the way or anything but th is objectless blasting was all the prepare going on. (Conrad 76) This statement reveals the real motive for venturing into the Congo which was not to flirt a better, more civilized lifestyle to the poor, underprivileged Africans but to indulge their lust for power. It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind - as is in truth proper for those who tackle a vestige. (Conrad 65) Just as master key Frankenstein in the novel Frankenstein created a monster that was a manifestation of his inner inflammation and demons, so too Kurtz and Marlows journey into Africa is an unveiling of their inner darkness which we are all afraid to face. Like Grenouille, in Perfume and Victor Frankenstein, Kurtz sought power, adoration and godlike status both among his European counterparts and the inhering Africans. Just as Grenouille bottled and unruffled special fragrances so too Kurtz collected human heads displaying them around his hut as troph ies. Kurtzs journey into Africa, as well as his inner journey, can be likened to Grenouilles hibernation in the cave for seven years or Victors search for his monster across the icy slopes. During this period each individual underwent a transformation and a realization of the horrors they have created. Kurtzs final talking to The horror The horror are comparable to Victor fleeing the scene when approach with the manifestation of his handiwork.

Humans Discover Nuclear Fission Essay -- Design Technology Energy Essa

Humans Discover atomic nuclear fissionIt seems as though our fellow Earthlings deserve more credit past we chip in given them in the past they gravel seemingly observed the socalled, Nuclear fission. The situation on primer coat has not been account on in over a century, yet they moderate go on alternatively rapidlyin fact more than they brook handle.Nuclear Fission, as detect here in Trantor, has both benefits anddrawbacks in nightclub. However, globe is an isolated planet with instead demanding creatures that in the past lead employ engineering science andknowledge negatively. Within the last hundred years, this discoveryhad make a rather large impact on the people of earth. Amateurs, asthey argon, they cause made their lives easier, yet harder with all theunaccountable damage they pass water cause. heretofore again, domain bereprimanded as being irresponsible. If only they knew better. muscle has pass a difficult issue on the planet earth. Because mans do no t have magical federal agencys like us, they have to have sourcesto get efficiency. The most popular sources of energy used on earthare fossil fuels, including materials such as coal. However thesefossil fuels are give tongue to to be running out and so other sources have been determine including solar power, wind power, and recently, atomic nuclear fission.Nuclear Fission, essentially, is the process of splitting atoms withreleases of energy. An event of nuclear fission can be seen in scathe of hot material. When radioactive material decays,protons and neutrons are pulled into arrangements where they aretightly bound. At this stage, nuclear potential energy is lost, andheat is released.. Humans have discovered that faster decay can beproduced by bombarding nuclei with other particles. An type of thisis pictorial atomic add together 92. When a neutron (The Human symbol N) strikes a pith of isotope Uranium 235, the nucleus splits giving off,simultaneously, both neutrons a nd energy. Furthermore, they havepicked up on the cosmic string Reaction. If neutrons from the fission ofone nucleus go onto split other nuclei, the number of nucleiundergoing fission multiplies rapidly. Hence, lots of energy isreleased in a sort stead of time. In certain aspects, this is a good thing. Small amounts of fuel can grant a reasonably large amount of energy. This fuel used is ratherinexpensive and can be found worldwide.... ...e diverted human try todevelop peaceful applications of nuclear energy. As a result, nuclearpower reactors have been supplying energy for humans for severaldecades now. reactor accidents have budged public opinion to anextent, and the future of nuclear energy is uncertain. merely the energydemand is on increase, and the public opinion may fitting change again. Whatever the result of this discovery may be, let us hope that humanswill be more responsible and conscious(p) in the future.Sources Cited1.) Basic Nuclear Fission Thinkquest Team 9 8, Team 17940. February 25, 2005. Online. getable http//library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/fission/fission.html2.) Advantages and Disadvantages Thinkquest Team 98, Team 17940. February 25, 2005. Online. Available http//library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/fission/advant.html3.) Nuclear Fission aught for War and Peace February 25, 2005. Online. Available http//66.102.7.104/search?q=cacheTfmjwdVC- xEJwww.science.uwaterloo.ca/cchieh/cact/nuctek/ln/chapter8.doc+how+society+ subtlety+politics+affect+development+of+nuclear+fission+and+applications&hl= en&start=8 Humans Discover Nuclear Fission judge -- Design Technology Energy EssaHumans Discover Nuclear FissionIt seems as though our fellow Earthlings deserve more credit then wehave given them in the past they have seemingly discovered the socalled, Nuclear Fission. The situation on earth has not beenreported on in over a century, yet they have advanced rather rapidlyin fact more than they can handle.Nuclear Fission, as discovered here in Trantor, has both benefits anddrawbacks in society. However, earth is an obscure planet withrather demanding creatures that in the past have used technology andknowledge negatively. Within the last hundred years, this discoveryhad made a rather large impact on the people of earth. Amateurs, asthey are, they have made their lives easier, yet harder with all theunaccountable damage they have caused. Yet again, humans arereprimanded as being irresponsible. If only they knew better.Energy has become a difficult issue on the planet earth. Becausehumans do not have magical powers like us, they have to have sourcesto generate energy. The most popular sources of energy used on earthare fossil fuels, including materials such as coal. However thesefossil fuels are said to be running out and so other sources have beenidentified including solar power, wind power, and recently, nuclearfission.Nuclear Fission, essentially, is the process of split ting atoms withreleases of energy. An example of nuclear fission can be seen interms of radioactive material. When radioactive material decays,protons and neutrons are pulled into arrangements where they aretightly bound. At this stage, nuclear potential energy is lost, andheat is released.. Humans have discovered that faster decay can beproduced by bombarding nuclei with other particles. An example of thisis Natural Uranium. When a neutron (The Human symbol N) strikes anucleus of isotope Uranium 235, the nucleus splits giving off,simultaneously, both neutrons and energy. Furthermore, they havepicked up on the Chain Reaction. If neutrons from the fission ofone nucleus go onto split other nuclei, the number of nucleiundergoing fission multiplies rapidly. Hence, lots of energy isreleased in a sort space of time. In certain aspects, this is a good thing. Small amounts of fuel canprovide a reasonably large amount of energy. This fuel used is ratherinexpensive and can be found worldwide. ... ...e diverted human effort todevelop peaceful applications of nuclear energy. As a result, nuclearpower reactors have been supplying energy for humans for severaldecades now. Reactor accidents have changed public opinion to anextent, and the future of nuclear energy is uncertain. Yet the energydemand is on increase, and the public opinion may just change again. Whatever the result of this discovery may be, let us hope that humanswill be more responsible and conscious in the future.Sources Cited1.) Basic Nuclear Fission Thinkquest Team 98, Team 17940. February 25, 2005. Online. Available http//library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/fission/fission.html2.) Advantages and Disadvantages Thinkquest Team 98, Team 17940. February 25, 2005. Online. Available http//library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/fission/advant.html3.) Nuclear Fission Energy for War and Peace February 25, 2005. Online. Available http//66.102.7.104/search?q=cacheTfmjwdVC- xEJwww.science.uwaterloo .ca/cchieh/cact/nuctek/ln/chapter8.doc+how+society+ culture+politics+affect+development+of+nuclear+fission+and+applications&hl= en&start=8

McKays America Essay -- essays research papers

McKays the States 1)America is write in a Public voice. McKay writes this meter as though it is meant to be heard by all. However, there are close to parts in America where it takes a more personal approach. For example, when McKay states stealing my breath of life, I will confess I love this well-bred hell that tests my youth. and also when he mentions how he gazes into the days ahead. I hap in those sections of the poem McKay takes a more personal approach because of the specifics mentioned simply about her. The public approaches McKay makes in America are the parts where she is vaguer and the poem smoke relate to anyone. Specifically, the ending that focuses on the touch of time and priceless treasures can be construed by anyone to mean what they want. 2) McKay does not mention his hereditary pattern in America or his background because it is unnecessary. Anyone who has experienced America can relate to McKays poem. He seems as though he whitethorn grant a better interpr etation, because he has experienced other cultures. 3) In the poem America written in the traditional form it has a huge impact. The traditional form focuses on the nations popular heroes. This is America. Had this poem been written in a different format it is possible it wouldnt have as deep of an impact. P.1051 1-31) The Shrine Whose Shape I Am tells the commentator that the author is possibly a white Christian. The poem conveys that the author is Jewish and possibly white because it mentions many biblical ter...

Biography of Martin Luther :: Protestant Reformation World History Essays

Biography of Martin Luther Martin Luther , who was born(p) in 1483,remains in history known as on of the some unique forces that changed the world fundament on the wholey by force of will and by his ideas. The people who support him call him the Protestant hero, a freedom fighter, and a wise insightful church leader. But there atomic number 18 to a greater extent people who do not like and the names they call him are a heretic, an apostate, and a profane ecclesiastical terrorist. Often Luther called himself a unsophisticated monk or a simple Christian. He was glad that a straight-forward stand of sense of right and wrong had turned him into one of the near talked about people of his time. Little did he know that, that simple Christian and that simple stand for what is right and what is wrong changed the course of World History. I will explain Martin Luther in four main parts of his life. First, his other(a) long time second, Luthers struggle to find peace and his discovery of gracility third, his problems with the sell of indulgences and finally, Luthers death and legacy. First of all, Martin Luthers early years of his life. Martin Luther was born to Hans and Margaretta Luther on November 10, 1483 in Eisleben, Germany. He was baptized on the paste day of St. Martin of Tours , of which he was named of. His father owned and worked a copper mine in the nearby town of Mansfeld. Having come from peasantry, his father was determined to assimilate his son rise up to civil service and bring more honor to the family. To achieve this goal Hans sent Martin Luther to schools in Mansfeld, Magdeburg, and Eisenach. When he was seventeen, in 1501, he entered the University of Erfurt. There he received a Bachelors degree in 1502 and a masters degree in 1505. Trying to fulfill his fathers wishes he enrolled in the law school of that university. Little did he know that all that was about to change. While riding a horse during a electric storm in the summer of 15 05 a lightning bolt struck near him speckle returning to school. Being in a terrified state he cried out, Help, St. Anne Ill become a monk Luther was spared his life and so he kept his promise and entered the monastery at his law school.

A Satire of Life as Performed by Monkeys Essay -- Literary Analysis, S

He was a visionary, an artist, an illusionist like no other William Shakespeare. Shakespeare, a master at his craft, believed that all the domain of a functions a stage Ralph Ellison seems to agree. Ellison crafts a world in which the teller of the hidden humankind learns through his experiences with performances and expatriate that true power can scarcely be wielded by people uninhibited by the strict routines of society.The narrator is completely powerless and exiled from freedom in the theatre called school. He is the ostentation of the young caustic boys, bright and college-bound. His speech given at his gamy school virtually social responsibility is obviously well horizon out and fleshed with purpose and meaning, but because of the shallow nature of the entire ceremony, he is mostly ignored (30). The mob homes in on exactly what they deprivation to hear. His rehearsed lines deteriorate into a reading from a crudely-made teleprompter that displays no more than tierc e syllables at a time. His speech about the values of social concordance go mostly ignored or overlooked by the crowd until he makes a mistake and openly reveals his beliefs. His carefully dictated speech, alter with ideas of societal acceptance and social equality, is harshly criticized and undermined by the racist, white work force who act as though they are friendly to the narrator, but solve vicious at the sign of such radical, free thinking from the black boy (31). At the front of the hall, he is exiled and alone while attempting to deal out for what he believes in. He learns that hes got to know his engineer at all times with the white men (31). He understands that the square ceremony is a farce and no one is actually thither to listen to a young black boy speak. Nevertheless, he is forced to stand ... ...that people threw at him hoping that eventually they would just forget about him and leave him alone. He has then embraced the idea that now on the glare frequencie s, he speaks for everyone (581). His exile to the underground has stripped him of his previous identity and possessions, but he emerges strong empowered by his invisibility.Ralph Ellison, in his novel Invisible Man provides a view of a character whose identity has been shaped by his experiences as an actor on the metaphorical stage of life and exile from various groups hes been a part of. Through school, chum Cliftons Sambo doll, Rineheart, and his exile underground, the narrator has been able to shed his misconceptions about the world and grow into a person possessing both freedom and free suasion in a society full of mindless drones that are enslaved by the systems that they are a part of.

Technology and Prevention of War Through Time Travel :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Prevention of War Through condemnation TravelMy name was Randy Elliot. I was born twenty-six geezerhood ago in 2003. I spent my childhood in a small town in Nevada. I joined the Marines right let out of high school. About three forms ago I was awargon of and asked to join an elite group working for the United States Marine army corps and Federal Bureau of Investigation. We ar identified as H-1. there are five other(a) people in my aggroup known as H-1. We have no individual names. We exist only as a team. We are the first, and most qualified, team working on Project Hillyer.When I was first asked to join in this visualise, I had no idea what the substance of the name Hillyer, but I had little knowledge of literature. Once I discovered the origin of the name, I was quite amused. The appropriateness of the name is great. Hillyer is the vote counter and inventor of the political machine in the H. G. Wells novel, The Time Machine.The idea of this project is centered on the obvious a time machine. The original machine was invented three years ago and perfected about a year later. All I know about how it functions is what I see when entering. The field of battle I am in is five hundred feet below the turn out of the earth to help in preventing damage in case of atomic war. It is a spherical room about twenty feet in diameter. There is a small platform in the center of the sphere where the departing team is transported.My team is the first of nine teams. Teams H-1, H-2, and H-3 are CHE prevention. CHEs, or Catastrophic man Events, are events that create massive devastation and are the fault of humankind. Teams H-4, H-5, and H-6 are CNE warnings. They warn any effected country, state, or city of impending hazard due to a natural event such as an quake or tornado. These six teams are only allowed to go back a maximum of one month, but have full privileges to interact with whomever is necessary.The other three teams can go back as far as needed, but t hey cannot, under any circumstances, interact with any person or thing while timing, as we call it. They are the information gatherers. They go back and figure out the truths of our history books. At one direct team H-8 discovered the truth about the extenction of the dinosaurs.

Michelangelo Buonarroti :: essays research papers

Michelangelo BuonarottiMichelangelo Buonarotti was the most famous artist of the Italian Renaissance, and one of the greatest artists of wholly time. (Encyclopedia, pg.398) Michelangelo was a sculpture, architect, and painter. He started to develop his talents, at an early age. Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, in the small Italian village of Caprese near Florence. (Personal, pg.1) At age 12, Michelangelo became an apprentice painter, to Domenico Ghirlandajo. There after he started sculpting, one of the less(prenominal) popular forms of art during this time period. (Encyclopedia, pg.398)Sculpting was Michelangelos one true passion. Michelangelo resisted the paintbrush, vowing with his trait vehemence that his sole tool was the chisel. (Sunsite, pg.1) Michelangelos statue named David is his most well known. He started creating the statue of David in 1501 and completed his masterpiece in 1504. The statue is carved from marble and stands at a towering 14 feet 3 inches. The choi ce of David was supposed to glisten the power and determination of Republican Florence and was under constant attack from supporters of the usurped Medicis. (Rubens, pg.1) blush though Michelangelo loved to sculpt it was not his only artistic talent. other artistic talent of his was painting. Michelangelos largest and most famous paint was that on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. It took him 4 days to complete, from 1508 to 1512. (Castela, pg.1)He also painted the Last mind over the altar in the chapel. The Last Judgment took 6 years for him to finish, from 1535 and 1541.Michelangelo was also a magnificent architect. In 1560, he designed a edible bean to cover a massive opening, on the Sistine Chapel. They began to construct the dome that he had designed in 1560.

The Emerging Culinary Trend - Gluten-free Essay -- Nutrition

Wheat is hotshot of the number ones sources of fiber in the Ameri arouse diet. According to gluten.net (GIG) gluten is a storage protein that is found in either grains. The immune system response to this protein is called Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy or celiac Disease. good deal with this sensitivity must adhere to a gluten-free diet and must distract wheat, rye and barley products. This paper will examine gluten-free products and address the eyeshot that this emerging trend tastes as good as any opposite food with gluten in them. Gluten is a protein that is found in wheat, oats, rye and barley. What more or less people dont know is that wheat is also utilize in products from tomato soup to lip gloss to even shampoo. nearly medications, art supplies and also in the body of Christ at divine Communion. (Alicea, 2008). Unless items are certified to be gluten-free those with Celiac Disease cannot consume them. (Alicea, 2008)Celiac Disease is an autoimmune response to gluten. (Alicea, 2008) In an article written in Long-Term Living For the Continuing Care Professional. The article states, A soul with Celiac Disease immune systems sees the gluten protein as a toxin and produces antibodies that damage the small intestines ability to absorb nutrients, which can lead to weight loss and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Celiac disease is one of the most under-diagnosed diseases among the American population many doctors confuse the symptoms with that of irritable catgut syndrome. (Alicea, 2008)Celiac Disease affects everyone differently infants, toddlers, adults and senior citizen are all at risk for developing Celiac Disease. In infants the symptoms live with far trounce effects and even fatal results than those in older suffers if left untreated. Babies with Cel... ...essed loot from your daily intake. This doesnt hold true for all gluten-free products as they have the same carbohydrate level as their counterparts so just because it says gluten-free d oesnt mean that they are healthy in excess. Everything is healthy in moderation. ReferencesAlicea, Ronni. Gluten-Free Diets be You Prepared?. Long-Term Living For The Continuing Care Professional 57.12 (2008) 22-24. schoolman Search Complete Web. 9 Nov. 2011.Coffey, Lynette. Wheatless Cooking including Gluten-free and Sugar-free Recipes. Berkeley, CA Ten Speed, 1985. Print. a great deal Asked Questions. Gluten Intolerance Gluten Intolerance Group. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. .Walsh, William E. Gluten Intolerance. Food Allergies the Complete Guide to apprehensiveness and Relieving Your Food Allergies. New York Wiley, 2000. 216-24. Print.

Animal Farm Compared To The Russian Revolution :: compare contrast

Education is non as prominent in the book as during the Russian Revolution. In the book, education is mentioned when Snowball finds old spelling books, once belonging to Mr. Jones. He begins to t apiece himself, followed by the other pigs, and finally he helps the other wildcats to commemorate and write. Some of the not so intelligent animals find this quite taxing, whereas the pigs beingness the most intelligent, learn the fastest. Snowball is the most elicit in educating the animals, and the healthful being of the other animals on the farm. Just as Trotsky was intent in educating the Russian people, and their well being during the Revolution. Napoleon took no interest in Snowballs committees. He said that education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up. This shows Snowballs commitment to the animals compared to the uninterested Napoleon. In the book Napoleon began his leadership mathematical function quite wel l, with his ideas being attractive and with a positive meaning. As the horizontal surface continues he becomes more corrupt, and his ideas turn into a dictatorship. Napoleon lead the animals spinal column to the store-shed and served out a double portion of corn to every(prenominal)one, with two biscuits for each dog. As time went on his true nature, of a power disgusted character begins to surface, he becomes more egoistic and the principle idea of equating no longer exists. The farm is run on terror, and no animal dare speak out against him, for fear of death. The news leaked out that every pig was receiving a ration of a pint of bear daily, with half(prenominal) a gallon for Napoleon.Just as during the revolution, when at first Stalin was fair and just but as he was given power he turns into a corrupt man with dictatorship qualities. He became more selfish and sinister. When securing his power base he engineered the permanent exile of Trotsky. This compares to the book, w hen Napoleon and his golf club sturdy puppies chased Snowball out of the farm. Napoleon then crop to portray his true nature of an assassin. Snowball is the other main leader in animalism, along side Napoleon. He was the one who was most interested in the well being of the animals and their education. The complete opposite of Napoleon. I ferocious if he had not been chased away (assassinated) then the idea of fabianism may have succeeded.

Whirlpool Corporation †A Lawful, Ethical, and CSR Minded Business Essa

vortex spate A Lawful, Ethical, and CSR Minded fear     Whirlpool Corporation A Lawful, Ethical, and CSR Minded Business     During the past several(prenominal) years orbicular companies, like Whirlpool Corporation, score gained global awareness of the complex and evolving legal, ethical, and neighborly expectations of their stakeholders. While many companies have started to tackle these impudent set of requirements by modifying their mission statements, telephone circuit policies, and workplace practices, leadership companies come about to wrestle with the challenge of integrating these three vital topics into their overall business operation. Companies that successfully integrate plans to incorporate the legal, ethical and corporate social certificate of indebtedness concerns within all areas of their business stand to gain financial and social benefits through the identification of new business opportunities, the strengthening of their brands and corporate reputation, the liking and retention of top employees, and the recognition as a trusted attendant (Integrating CSR New Risks, New Rewards, 2004).     In this particular paper, the author will strive to describe how legal issues, ethics, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) impacts the management preparedness of Whirlpool Corporation.      Whirlpool Corporation is the worlds leading manufacturer and marketer of major property appliances, with annual sales of over $13 billion. They employ 68,000 people, and have nearly 50 manufacturing and technology research centers around the globe. The company markets Whirlpool, KitchenAid, Brastemp, Bauknecht, Consul and early(a) major brand names to consumers in more than 170 countries. Whirlpool Corporation is also the principal supplier to Sears, Roebuck and Co., of many major home appliances marketed under the Kenmore brand name (Fast Facts, 2005).   &nbs p  Embedded in Whirlpool Corporation and their mount of Directors is the deeply held value that continues to guide them "There is no right(a) way to do a wrong thing" (Continuing Legacy, 2005). This basic engrave of conduct underlies the companys long tradition of strong and independent corporate governance. Whirlpools Board of Directors is currently comprised of eleven directors, nine of whom are indepen... ...al responsibility and education. Retrieved      June 25, 2005, from      http//www.whirlpoolcorp.com/social_responsibility_education.html.ReferencesWhirlpool Corporation. (2005). fond responsibility and the environment.      Retrieved      June 25, 2005, from      http//www.whirlpoolcorp.com/social_responsibility_enviroment.html.Whirlpool Corporation. (2005). Social responsibility and mexico. Retrieved      June 25, 2005, from       http//www.whirlpoolcorp.com/social_responsibility_mexico.html.Whitman, D. (2003, April). Building a global loyal following. Retrieved      June 26, 2005, from      http//static.highbeam.com/a/appliance/april012003/buildingagloballoyalfollowing.Yahoo Finance. (June, 2005). DiversityInc. magazine recognizes whirlpool for regeneration      strengths. Retrieved June 25, 2005, from      http//biz.yahoo.com/prnews/050616/deth006.html?.v=14.     

theatre Studies Portfolio. :: essays research papers

Throughout the year the texts we have studied have provided us with inspiration on the topic and themes of our devised drama. The texts we have studied in theater Studies have been Anton Chekovs Three Sisters and Sophocles Antigone, one of the three Theban plays. The nexus between these plays is the role of women and could be described as proto-feminist. Antigone shows us a woman who is prepared to go against the rule of the city and Creon, whom should be the rife male in the play. Three Sisters portrays three women who cope with the death of their father, and have sex without men in their lives. We have used both of these sentiments in our devised drama, as all our women are single and go against the stereotypical view of women allowing the interview to see a contrast of five women, all a bollix up to the traditional view of women in the catholic church.We have in addition been influenced by a collection of poetry we have studies on our English literature course. Carol Ann Duffy is well known as a feminist author and her 1999 collection, The World Wife is an original collection in which she explores the view of the wives of historical, biblical and mythological men and gives the reader a chance to see the huge tales concerning these men through the eyes of the woman, who is often shown to be much more strength in character than her husband or partner. After analyse the poems, our root decided to base our five female characters on poems in the play, these poems being Delilah, Mrs Faust, Mrs Midas, Salmone and Mrs Lazarus. Using these as guidelines for our characters, the five girls in our group were able to elaborate on then, using the techniques of our practitioner, Stanisvlaski, to create a amply character from the narrative in our selected poems.Caryl Churchills play Top Girls was also an influence on us. The play Top Girls shows the audience famous women from the sometime(prenominal) having a dinner party together and discussing their exper iences to one another. This is not unconnected our devised drama and influenced us to choose the setting of a gathering.The 1995 movie How To get An American Quilt directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse inspired us for the idea of our women making a quilt together to commemorate the memory of a person from the village in which our play is set.